This documentary by filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl's is about the Nazi party's 1934 rally in Nuremberg, Germany. Richard Falcon. While Marlene Dietrich entertained Allied troops, Leni Riefenstahl was palling around with Hitler. Limited Collector’s Edition of 2,500 copies, numbered and signed by Leni Riefenstahl Early in the Polish campaign, an incident seemed to have shaken Riefenstahl's confidence in the movement she had glorified in cinematic images. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Leni Riefenstahl was born in August 1902. Leni Riefenstahl, soon to become notorious as Hitler's favorite director, made her directorial debut with this vivid and beautiful film. It is a pity that Susan Sontag’s attempt to deal critically with the work of Leni Riefenstahl [NYR, February 6] is so marred with factual and historical errors. In a state where women played a secondary role to men, Riefenstahl was given a free hand by Hitler to produce propaganda films for the Nazi regime. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. directed classic sports documentary ?Olympia? Leni Riefenstahl became Nazi Germany’s most famous film maker. It was during Germany's blighted and momentous 1930s that Leni Riefenstahl sprang to international fame as a film director. View the list of all donors. She was never a party member and did not, overtly, commit any crimes. Leni Riefenstahl, the German filmmaker whose daringly innovative documentaries about a Nazi rally in Nuremberg in 1934 and the Berlin Olympics … Olympia, by Leni Riefenstahl, documenting the Berlin-hosted Olympic Games Olympia (1998 film) , about a Mexican soap opera star who pursues a career as an athlete Olympia (2011 film) , by Leo Damario, about an aspiring porn actress From overcoming oppression, to breaking rules, to reimagining the world or waging a rebellion, these women of history have a story to tell. Eventually Riefenstahl conceived of a different kind of mountain film, more romantic … SEARCH. It was for Olympia that Riefenstahl pioneered numerous cinematographic techniques, such as filming footage with cameras mounted on rails (commonly known today as tracking shots). In 1931 she formed a company, Leni Riefenstahl-Produktion, and the following year wrote, directed, produced, and starred in Das blaue Licht (1932; The Blue Light). In 1933, he asked Riefenstahl to direct a short film, Der Sieg des Glaubens (The Victory of Faith), shot at that year's Nuremberg Nazi Party Rally. Riefenstahl was best known for her documentary film Olympia (1938), on the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin and her Nazi propaganda films, Der Sieg des Glaubens (1933), Triumph of the Will (1935), and Tag der Freiheit (1935), which are regarded by historians as among the greatest propaganda films of all time.. The film industry was controlled by the Nazis and ranged from anti-Semitic films such as “The Eternal Jew”, to propaganda films to ‘enlighten’ youths about the Hitler Youth movement (“Hitlerjunge Quex”) to coverage of the 1936 Berlin Olympics by Leni Riefenstahl. In 1954 she completed Tiefland (“Lowland”), the production of which had been interrupted by the war, but her career as a filmmaker was effectively over. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Leni Riefenstahl, the German filmmaker whose daringly innovative documentaries about a Nazi rally in Nuremberg in 1934 and the Berlin Olympics … All Leni Riefenstahl’s partisans are interested in obfuscating the central issues raised by her films and by The Last of the Nuba. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. on 1936 Berlin Summer Olympics; infamous, however, for also making 1934 Hitler propaganda film ?Triumph of the Will.? Marlene Dietrich and Leni Riefenstahl were two of the most famous and controversial German women of the 20th century. Leni Riefenstahl, Producer: Das blaue Licht - Eine Berglegende aus den Dolomiten. Her father owned a successful plumbing and engineering firm and he wanted Leni to follow him into the world of business. Leni Riefenstahl in Nuremberg in 1935 Photograph: Hulton Archive/Getty Images. Leni Riefenstahl - der Rhythmus eines Blicks, Palazzo della Ragione, Milan 1996 Barsokevitsch- Valokuvakeskus Photographic Centre, Kuopio, Finland 1991–1992 Leni Riefenstahl - Life, Bunkamura, Tokyo 1991 Großfotostudio Roucka, Munich 1980 Sheibu-Museum, Tokyo. Mackenzie calls Riefenstahl “the unofficial film auteur of the Nazi Party,” while noting that Olympia, her two-part documentary of the games, is “less clearly propagandistic.” The similarities between the documentary and Riefenstahl’s propaganda are … Leni Riefenstahl. of Leni Riefenstahl.2 Her career, and the critique that has devel-oped around it - what we will call the "Leni Riefenstahl critique" - pose major questions about women, art, beauty, propaganda, and Nazism.3 Although all these terms have political overtones in the debates about Riefenstahl… Any systematic, widespread dissemination or promotion of particular ideas, doctrines, practices, etc. Tiefland was reportedly Hitler’s favorite opera, but this film is completely cinematic with no arias whatsoever. Updates? Hitler saw Leni Riefenstahl as a director who could use aesthetics to produce an image of a strong Germany imbued with Wagnerian motifs of power and beauty. • 1925: Wege zu Kraft und Schönheit ("Ways to Strength and Beauty") as Dancer Memoiren (1987; A Memoir, or The Sieve of Time: The Memoirs of Leni Riefenstahl) is her autobiography. Leni Reifenstahl (German, August 22, 1902–September 8, 2003) was a dancer, actress, and German film director who was known for her innovation in filmmaking and the aesthetics of her films. Leni Riefenstahl, original name Berta Helene Amalie Riefenstahl, (born August 22, 1902, Berlin, Germany—died September 8, 2003, Pöcking), German motion-picture director, actress, producer, and photographer who is best known for her documentary films of the 1930s dramatizing the power and pageantry of the Nazi movement. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. View Leni Riefenstahl’s 464 artworks on artnet. The infamous propaganda film of the 1934 Nazi Party rally in Nuremberg, Germany. Find an in-depth biography, exhibitions, original artworks for sale, the latest news, and sold auction prices. Sections. Riefenstahl studied painting and ballet in Berlin, and from 1923 to 1926 she appeared in dance programs throughout Europe. 30 likes. Art. LENI RIEFENSTAHL is an anagram of 'SENILE HITLER FAN' Smokey TheCat 06:25, 7 June 2011 (UTC) Detention trials - article improvement. Made at Hitler’s request and he gave it title and he helped orchestrate the spectacle c. The Blue Light. Leni Riefenstahl. Die Nuba (The Last of the Nuba), a book of her African photographs, was published in 1973. Because her films had aided the Nazi cause, Riefenstahl was detained by Allied forces after World War II, and, although she was officially cleared of complicity in Nazi war crimes, she was blacklisted. That suit was dropped in 2002 only after her production company retracted a public statement Riefenstahl had made in which she claimed that all of the extras had survived the war. At age 91, Riefenstahl was interviewed for director Ray Müller’s highly praised documentary Die Macht der Bilder: Leni Riefenstahl (1993; The Power of the Image: Leni Riefenstahl, or The Wonderful, Horrible Life of Leni Riefenstahl), in which she reveals herself as an undeniably brilliant woman with profoundly mixed feelings about her association with the Third Reich. Riefenstahl turned to still photography, publishing in the 1970s an illustrated volume on the primitive Nuba tribe of the Sudan; in her late seventies, she undertook a new interest in underwater cinematography. After the Holocaust, the common excuse given by German soldiers was “I was just following orders. Leni Riefenstahl was a German actress and director known for her Nazi propaganda films Triumph of the Will (1935) and Olympia (1938). Died: Sept. 8, 2003 Riefenstahl initially rebuffed Hitler's commission for the film, but relented when she received unlimited resources and full artistic license for the picture. Amazon.co.uk: Leni Riefenstahl Select Your Cookie Preferences We use cookies and similar tools to enhance your shopping experience, to provide our services, understand how customers use our services so we can make improvements, and display ads, including interest-based ads. Born in Berlin on August 22, 1902, Riefenstahl began her long and extraordinary career as an interpretive dancer. Riefenstahl’s images narrate her travels to the continent and immersion in the culture and customs of her hosts, detailing a harmonious meeting of difference and Riefenstahl’s deep respect for the people of the land. German film director, producer, screenwriter, editor, photographer, actress and dancer widely known for directing the Nazi propaganda film Triumph of the Will. Riefenstahl was best known for her documentary film Olympia (1938), on the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin and her Nazi propaganda films, Der Sieg des Glaubens (1933), Triumph of the Will (1935), and Tag der Freiheit (1935), which are regarded by historians as among the greatest propaganda films of all time. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 Leni Riefenstahl gave him two books on the Berlin Olympics and an eight-volume set of the complete works of the 19th-century German philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte in a rare first edition. Best known for her documentaries,Triumph of the Will and Olympia, Tiefland was Leni Riefenstahl’s first (and last) foray into fictional cinema. Leni Riefenstahl was the golden girl of the German film industry. Much of her later life was devoted to photography, and Korallengärten (1978; Coral Gardens) and Wunder unter Wasser (1990; Wonders Under Water) are collections of her underwater photographs; a documentary on marine life, Impressionen unter Wasser (Impressions Under Water), was released in 2002. Ever see video footage of Adolf Hitler addressing apparently adoring crowds? A story set in the Spanish Pyrenees, Tiefland was a project that she had earlier shelved when persuaded by a determined Hitler to undertake Triumph of the Will. One started out as a cabaret singer and made her way to … Their first child, Helene (Leni) Bertha Amalie Riefenstahl, was born on August 22, 1902 in the family's apartment on Prinz-Eugen-Straße in Berlin. Leni Riefenstahl was a German actress and director known for her Nazi propaganda films Triumph of the Will (1935) and Olympia (1938). She became the star of a number of German director Arnold Fanck's silent motion pictures, typically set in the Alps (so-called Bergfilme), in which the young Riefenstahl figured as the athletic and daring female lead. Riefenstahl apparently left her filming that day in order to make a personal appeal to Hitler against such arbitrary violence. Tiefland premiered in 1954, eight years after French authorities occupying the Tyrol arrested Riefenstahl and confiscated her film materials, in January 1946. After a knee injury temporarily halted her vocation, Riefenstahl became fascinated with the possibilities of the medium of film, especially nature films. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Born under the name Helene Bertha Amalie, Leni Reifenstahl began taking dance and ballet lessons at the age of 16 at the Grimm-Reiter Dance School in Berlin. Find an in-depth biography, exhibitions, original artworks for sale, the latest news, and sold auction prices. Leni Riefenstahl (1903-2004) was a remarkable woman, and this documentary portrait of her is worth screening over and over again. It won several awards, but forever linked the film's subject, National Socialism, with its artist, Riefenstahl. See Übergangsrecht.Please use this template only if the author never claimed authorship or their authorship never became public in any other way. With the support of the Nazi Party, Riefenstahl directed films that extolled the values of physical beauty and Aryan superiority. Directed by Leni Riefenstahl. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). At the start of “The Wonderful, Horrible Life of Leni Riefenstahl,” Riefenstahl — nearing 100, smiling, vibrant in a blue wetsuit with yellow stripes down its arms — is scuba diving. See available photographs, prints and multiples, and film, video for sale and learn about the artist. She impressed Adolf Hitler so much he put her in charge of filming the 1934 Nazi rally at Nuremberg, as well as the 1936 Olympics in Berlin. She was born in 1902, and her first devotion was to creative dancing. Thirty years later she would meet Adolf Hitler, the man who helped her become the greatest female filmmaker of the 20th century, but that association would nearly destroy her as well. After the war Riefenstahl attempted to separate herself from the criminal nature of the Nazi regime, suggesting her duty was to her craft and not necessarily to the Nazi authorities who commissioned her films. Shot on location near Kitzbühl, Austria, the filming dragged out over nearly four years. By her own account, the advent of World War II and the rapid escalation of violence under the Nazi regime had an unfavorable effect on both Riefenstahl and her career. Trained as an dancer, Leni Riefenstahl was an up-and-coming actress in German movies of the 1920s before becoming a film director. Leni Riefenstahl, Der Triumph des Willens (Triumph of the Will), 1936, film. Riefenstahl’s films were acclaimed for their rich musical scores, for the cinematic beauty of the scenes of dawn, mountains, and rural German life, and for brilliant editing. Born: Aug. 22, 1902 German filmmaker of 1930s. Her experience was quite unlike that of her colleague Veit Harlan, who had directed such seminal Nazi propaganda works as Jüd Süss and Kolberg, but who returned to a flourishing directorial career in the 1950s. Leni Riefenstahl, il cui nome completo era Helene Bertha Amalie Riefenstahl, nacque a Berlino nel 1902. The incident may have planted a seed of doubt in Riefenstahl's mind, but it did not prevent her from filming Hitler's triumphal parade into Warsaw just weeks later. She died of cancer in Pocking, Germany, on September 8, 2003, a few weeks after her 101st birthday. Leni Riefenstahl. They include Sieg des Glaubens (1933; Victory of the Faith), a short subject commissioned by Adolf Hitler; Triumph des Willens (1935; Triumph of the Will), an important documentary study of the 1934 Nazi Party convention at Nürnberg that emphasized the unity of the party, introduced the leaders to the German people, and exhibited Nazi power to the world; and Olympische Spiele (1938; Olympia), a two-part film on the Olympic Games of 1936 that was praised for the effectiveness of its studio-created music and sound effects. Because of the specifics, I doubt it is simply made up, but it could use some citations. Before creating the films she is famous for, Leni Riefenstahl was a famous actress and dancer. Riefenstahl was a member of Greenpeace for eight years. Leni Riefenstahl, dressed in a Wehrmacht uniform, during her brief stint as a war correspondent covering Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939 (public domain) X It tells the tale of a mysterious blue light on top of a mountain that lures young men to their deaths. She lied about her biography, her motives, her creative process. The section 'Detention trials' has zero citations or references. However, her mother believed that Leni’s future was in show business. "If Leni Riefenstahl had done nothing but visit Africa and bring back her photographs, her place in history would be secure." Riefenstahl hadn't been to Sudan for 23 years and at the age of 97 she finally received a permission to entry the country. Leni Riefenstahl & Cameraman A casually-dressed Riefenstahl leans over her cameramen during the filming of one of her epic documentaries. CHARLES HOOPER III New York City. In order to enhance the story's “gypsy” flavor, Riefenstahl aides arranged to “borrow” some 51 young Roma prisoners from the nearby labor camp at Maxglan-Leopoldskron as extras. The likelihood is Riefenstahl was the responsible filmmaker. Biography. Amazingly, Riefenstahl appeared in her first film, Der heilige Berg (“written for the dancer Leni Riefenstahl”), directed by Dr. Arnold Fanck, only some 18 months after that fateful day at the Nollendorfplatz U-Bahn station. Read our list today to find ten people who were reportedly Nazi sympathizers. Told without narration, it documents all six days of activities from Adolf Hitler's arrival to his departure. Leni Riefenstahl has been surrounded by controversy ever since being commissioned by Hitler to make propaganda films. Leni book. In the postwar years, Leni Riefenstahl was the subject of four denazification proceedings, which finally declared her a Nazi sympathizer (Mitläufer). Después de Explotar en la última función.... VOLVEMOS CON UNA MÁS A PEDIDO DEL PUBLICO!! Read 65 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. In what she and others would later claim was an effort to eschew further propaganda efforts, Riefenstahl had begun filming Tiefland (Lowlands) in 1940. Popular as an actress with German audiences in the silent era, Riefenstahl directed her first major feature film, Das blaue Licht (The Blue Light), in 1932. See available photographs, prints and multiples, and film, video for sale and learn about the artist. On August 22nd, 1902, Helene “Leni” Riefenstahl was born in Berlin, Germany. In the same year, Riefenstahl had heard Hitler speak at a public rally and was riveted by his oratorical style and his ability to mesmerize audiences. Leni Riefenstahl, original name Berta Helene Amalie Riefenstahl, (born August 22, 1902, Berlin, Germany—died September 8, 2003, Pöcking), German motion-picture director, actress, producer, and photographer who is best known for her documentary films of the 1930s dramatizing the power and pageantry of the Nazi movement. to further one’s own cause or to damage an opposing one; ideas, doctrines, or allegations spread in this manner, now often used disparagingly to connote deception or distortion. It is also known that Disney had hosted Leni Riefenstahl and gave her a tour of his studios. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Meet extraordinary women who dared to bring gender equality and other issues to the forefront. The film was well received, and more importantly attracted the attention of a rising politician who prided himself on having artistic ambitions, Adolf Hitler. Note: In Germany and possibly other countries, certain anonymous works published before July 1, 1995 are copyrighted until 70 years after the death of the author. Washington, DC 20024-2126 German filmmaker and photographer Leni Riefenstahl -- highly controversial for her propaganda films on the Nazi regime -- died Monday, one week after her 101st birthday. The film was a template for her more famous work, Triumph des Willens (Triumph of the Will), shot at the Nuremberg Rally the following year, in 1934. Production. Whatever topic it was, … -Kevin Brownlow, from the introduction When she was in her early sixties, Leni Riefenstahl began traveling frequently to the African continent, where she has worked on various film and photography projects over the last half century. She was buried in Munich. He would later die in Hitler's war at age 38 on the Russian front. Riefenstahl celebrated her 101st birthday on 22 August 2003 at a hotel in Feldafing, on Lake Starnberg, Bavaria, near her home. 10 Ezra Pound. Leni Riefenstahl was fantasist, a lifelong liar. In addition to her civilian crew she could and did make full use of additional film crew from Nazi groups such as the SA (Sturmabteilung), Hitler’s brownshirts. Omissions? Leni Riefenstahl (Helene Riefenstahl) was a German dancer, actress, and film director best known for her imposing propaganda films in support of the National Socialist (Nazi) Party. The first internationally acclaimed female director, she never escaped the shadow of her role in monumental Nazi propaganda films. ” Leni Riefenstahl, a German director who made films for Adolf Hitler, argued her case along different lines – that she was unaware of Hitler’s atrocities towards the Jews. Leni Riefenstahl has been surrounded by controversy ever since being commissioned by Hitler to make propaganda films. Equally stunning were Riefenstahl's directorial efforts in Olympia, which captured with haunting effectiveness the images of the 1936 Summer Olympic Games in Berlin. She captured the Nazis in a certain light that proved to dazzle the German public. Consequently, she was the natural choice –the perfect candidate– to serve as the most visible, celebrated, and enduring of the dozens of filmmakers involved in creating the lies that fueled Hitler’s propaganda machine. Mary Devereaux, "Beauty and Evil: The Case of Leni Riefenstahl's Triumph of the Will" 1. Documentary of 1934 Nuremberg Nazi rally b. Triumph of the Will, with its evocative images and innovative film technique, ranked as an epic work of documentary film-making, and is widely regarded as one of the most masterful propaganda films ever produced. Leni Riefenstahl, on the occasion of her ninetieth birthday (Vanity Fair, September 1992) Leni Riefenstahl, amazingly, turned 100 in August. Leni Riefenstahl. She was christened Helene Berta Amalie and she was born into a prosperous family. Name at birth: Helene Bertha Amalie Riefenstahl Trained as an dancer, Leni Riefenstahl was an up-and-coming actress in German movies of the 1920s before becoming a film director. She impressed Adolf Hitler so much he put her in charge of filming the 1934 Nazi rally at Nuremberg, as well as the 1936 Olympics in Berlin. This remarkable collection gathers Leni Riefenstahl’s images of the Nuba, Dinka, Shilluk, and Masai tribes into a Baby SUMO-sized tribute to Africa.Riefenstahl’s images narrate her travels to the continent and immersion in the culture and customs of her hosts, detailing a harmonious meeting of difference and Riefenstahl’s deep respect for the people of the land. Films played a major part in propaganda in Nazi Germany. Leni Riefenstahl's show-biz experience began with an experiment: she wanted to know what it felt like to dance on the stage. The dancer, actress, director and photographer Helene “Leni” Riefenstahl, who died in 2003, is a controversial character, largely because of the many propaganda movies she produced for the Nazis. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW For the indoor scenes, filmed in Berlin-Babelsberg in 1942, Riefenstahl used as extras at least 66 Roma and Sinti inmates, virtually all males, from the Berlin-Marzahn camp for Gypsies. While accompanying German troops near Konskie, the filmmaker witnessed the execution of Polish civilians shot in retaliation for a partisan attack on German troops. She had starred in a series of mystical, location-shot adventure films in the 1920's and early 1930's, directed and written by Arnold Fanck, a uniquely German genre called the "mountain film." Unfortunately for them, there were facts in place to contradict their denials. Triumph of the Will (German: Triumph des Willens) is a 1935 Nazi propaganda film directed, produced, edited, and co-written by Leni Riefenstahl.It chronicles the 1934 Nazi Party Congress in Nuremberg, which was attended by more than 700,000 Nazi supporters. e Olympia is a 1938 Nazi German propaganda sports film written, directed and produced by Leni Riefenstahl, which documented the 1936 Summer Olympics, held in the Olympic Stadium in Berlin, Germany. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leni-Riefenstahl, Turner Classic Movies - Biography of Leni Riefenstahl, Jewish Virtual Library - Leni Riefenstahl, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum - Holocaust Encyclopedia - Biography of Leni Riefenstahl, Leni Riefenstahl - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. With Adolf Hitler, Hermann Göring, Max Amann, Martin Bormann. The German historian Karin Wieland buries useful information on the acknowledgments page of “Dietrich & Riefenstahl: Hollywood, Berlin, and a Century in Two Lives.” Tue 9 Sep 2003 21.42 EDT. Allegations that the German Criminal Police returned the Roma, after fulfilling their “obligation,” to the Maxglan and Marzahn Gypsy camps (Zigeunerlager) and later deported them to their deaths at Auschwitz, were serious enough to involve Riefenstahl in a civil suit. Fin da bambina studiò danza, pittura e teatro, e poi divenne una ballerina. Although never a member of the Nazi Party, Riefenstahl found it difficult to overcome her association with the propaganda films she had made during the early Nazi period, and encountered difficulties in regaining her position in the German cinematic community. TTY: 202.488.0406, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, Historical film footage: Prize awarded for Triumph of the Will, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. Leni's younger brother, Heinz, was born three and a half years later. Olympia's forceful blend of aesthetics, sports, and propaganda again won Riefenstahl accolades and awards, including Best Foreign Film honors at the Venice Film Festival and a special award from the International Olympic Committee (IOC) for depicting the joy of sport. The film was released in two parts: Olympia 1. This led to her participation in silent films, and soon she was herself making—and starring in—her own talkies, such as The Mountain (1929). But unfortunately, these errors are so great that they call into question her critical conclusions. Back to Top Back to Top. It includes speeches by all of the major participants as well as the various activities of the thousands upon thousands who attended. 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